肱二头肌额外头变异的探讨

目的:探讨肱二头肌额外头变异现象对人体科学、临床外科学、中医腧穴学等的影响与意义。方法:解剖42具男尸、22具女尸的双上肢肱二头肌,观察该肌肉的起点额外头发生率,测量额外头、长头的长度、额外头起点至肌肉止点之间的长度(A值)、额外头起点至长头起点的长度(B值)等数值,并分别比较A值与B值的比值、B值与肌肉全长(A+B值)比值之间的关系。结果:国人的肱二头肌变异主要是起始端出现第三个头(额外头),且全为男性,发生机率为9.52%,女性尚未发现有此变异;A/B值、B/(A+B)值均近似黄金分割率(0.618)。结论:肱二头肌额外头变异是以黄金分割的关系出现,符合该肌肉的力学工程学要求,以进一步加强肌肉的屈肘功能,属于进化发展的结果;臂部手术时需注意该额外头肌组织、血管及神经,避免因损伤而产生功能障碍。     

头针联合热敏灸对卒中后肢体痉挛患者血清S100β、NGF水平和肢体运动功能的影响

目的:探讨头针联合热敏灸对卒中后肢体痉挛患者血清S100β、神经生长因子(NGF)水平和肢体运动功能的影响。方法:选取70例脑卒中后肢体痉挛患者;所有患者随机分组,对照组35例给予新Bobath技术及低频电刺激,研究组35例给予头针联合热敏灸治疗。每1周为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。两组治疗后均随访12周。比较两组患者临床疗效,评估两组患者肢体功能改善情况,检测并比较血清S100β、NGF水平。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后及随访结束后两组ADL、FMA评分升高,MAS分级均有明显改善(P<0.05),且研究组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者血清S100β、NGF水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组临床总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:头针联合热敏灸可更加有效改善卒中后肢体痉挛患者肢体运动功能恢复,提高生活质量,可能与降低患者血清S100β、NGF水平有关。     

Relationship between EMG-detected and ultrasound-detected fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective cohort study

ObjectivesFasciculation potentials (FP) are an important consideration in the electrophysiological diagnosis of ALS. Muscle ultrasonography (MUS) has a higher sensitivity in detecting fasciculations than electromyography (EMG), while in some cases, it is unable to detect EMG-detected fasciculations. We aimed to investigate the differences of FP between the muscles with and without MUS-detected fasciculations (MUS-fas).MethodsThirty-one consecutive patients with sporadic ALS were prospectively recruited and in those, both needle EMG and MUS were performed. Analyses of the amplitude, duration, and number of phases of EMG-detected FPs were performed for seven muscles per patient, and results were compared between the muscles with and without MUS-fas in the total cohort.ResultsThe mean amplitude and phase number of FP were significantly lower in patients with EMG-detected FP alone (0.39 ± 0.25 mV and 3.21 ± 0.88, respectively) than in those with both FP and MUS-fas (1.22 ± 0.92 mV and 3.74 ± 1.39, respectively; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.017, Welch’s t-test).ConclusionSmall FP may be undetectable with MUS. MUS cannot replace EMG in the diagnostic approach for ALS.SignificanceClinicians should use a combination of EMG and MUS for the detection and quantitative analysis of fasciculation in ALS.     

补阳还五汤加伸筋草治疗脑梗死后痉挛型偏瘫疗效研究

目的:探讨补阳还五汤重用伸筋草治疗脑梗死后痉挛型偏瘫的作用。方法:收集脑梗死后痉挛型偏瘫患者共88例,分为两组,对照组44例,西医治疗加康复训练和补阳还五汤治疗; 研究组44例,西医治疗加康复训练及补阳还五汤重用伸筋草治疗。比较治疗前后患者患侧上下肢肌张力、临床疗效、NIHSS、日常生活能力Barthel指数以及上下肢运动功能和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组患者患侧上下肢肌张力≤1级者占比均升高,且研究组中≤1级者占比均高于对照组,组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组临床疗效等级分布和总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者NIHSS评分均降低,且研究组NIHSS评分低于对照组,治疗后两组患者Barthel指数和患侧上下肢FMA评分均升高,且研究组均高于对照组,组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:补阳还五汤重用伸筋草能够显著降低患者患侧上下肢肌张力,改善临床疗效和神经功能缺损,提高患者日常生活能力和患侧运动功能,且安全性良好。     

按法对大鼠脑卒中后肌痉挛的影响及其机理研究

目的:观察按法干预后脑卒中后肌痉挛大鼠血浆及脊髓L1-L3节段灰质前角组织中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和甘氛酸(Gly)含量的变化,探讨按法缓解脑卒中后肌痉挛的作用机制。方法:健康成年雄性Sprague-DawIey(SD)大鼠80只,随机抽取10只为空白组,其余70只造模。采用左颈外动脉插入线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)模型。Longa神经功能评定为2-3分,且改良Ashworth肌张力评分评定为;1+、1+及2级的30只大鼠纳入实验。用随机数字表法将30只造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、按肌腱组和按肌腹组。造模成功2 d后,按肌腱组及按肌腹组大鼠分别接受大鼠按法橾作治疗仪按股四头肌肌腱和按股四头肌肌腹治疗,压力控制在(350±50)g,按压频率为5s/次,每次15 min,每日1次,连续治疗5d。各组于治疗第5次后,采用改良Ashworth#挛评定标准对大鼠股四头肌的张力进行评定。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法观察大鼠血浆及脊髓L1-L3节段中Gly的含量变化,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)观察大鼠血浆及脊髓L1-L3节段中GABA的含量变化。结果:各组改良Ashworth量表肌张力评定中,按肌腱组大鼠肌张力下降较按肌腹组更为明显(P<0.01);按肌腱组血浆及香髓L1-L3节段组织中Gly及GABA的含量增加较按肌腹组更为明显(均P<0.01)。结论:基于腱器官“反牵张反射”理论,采用按法刺激腱器官诱发“反牵张反射”对大鼠肌痉挛状态的改善效果优于按压肌腹。大鼠血浆和脊髓L1-L3节段中Gly和GABA含量的增加,可能是按法刺激腱器官改善大鼠肌痉挛状态的作用机制之一。     

针刺泻阴法治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛的临床观察

目的:通过随机对照方法观察针刺泻阴法与传统独取阳明法治疗中风后上肢痉挛的临床疗效。方法:将94例符合纳入标准的患者随机分为治疗组(47例)和对照组(47例)。治疗组采用泻阴的针刺方法,1次/d,5次/w,治疗6 w,治疗结束后随访2 w;对照组采用传统独取阳明经穴方法,治疗疗程和随访同治疗组。分别于治疗前、治疗后、随访结束采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评分,并进行组间比较。结果:泻阴法和传针法独取阳明法在改善中风患者上肢痉挛程度方面都有显著疗效,组内治疗前后MAS评分比较有显著差异(P0.05);2组间MAS评分在治疗结束和随访时有显著差异(P0.05);泻阴法组总有效率为97.7%,独取阳明法组总有效率为93.3%,2组间有显著组间差异(P0.05),泻阴法要优于传统独取阳明针法。结论:针刺泻阴法是治疗中风后上肢痉挛的一种有效方法,可改善患者的痉挛程度,提高患者的生活质量。     

Acute effects of whole-body vibration on spinal excitability level and ankle plantar flexion spasticity in post-stroke individuals: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the acute effects (up to 30 min) of whole-body vibration (WBV) on spinal excitability level and ankle plantar flexion spasticity in chronic stroke subjects.MethodsTwenty-one subjects (age 30–70 years old) with chronic stroke and ankle plantar flexion spasticity were randomly assigned to the vibration group (VG, n = 11) or the control group (CG, n = 10). Subjects in the VG underwent 10 minutes of WBV with a frequency of 35 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm. Subjects in the CG remained on the platform for 10 min without receiving vibratory stimulus. The spinal excitability level was estimated by the Hmax/Mmax ratio extracted from the H-reflex with simple stimulus examination. The value of the second/first wave ratio (H2/H1 ratio) at the peak of the first facilitation was also considered through the recovery curve with double stimulation. Spasticity was estimated by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and global perception of change. All outcomes were assessed before and at 10, 20, and 30 min after the WBV, except for MAS, which was evaluated only 10 min after WBV.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in either the spinal excitability level or plantar flexor spasticity at the three evaluated moments after WBV.ConclusionThese results suggest that WBV does not reduce spinal excitability level or spasticity of the plantar flexor muscles in chronic stroke patients in the first 30 min after vibratory stimulus.